Hugo de Groot (1625), Thomas Hobbes (1651), Samuel Pufendorf (1673), John Locke (1689), Jean-Jacque

In moral and political philosophy, the social helzberg contract and political contract a theory or model that originated in the Age of Enlightenment, it says typically the question to the origin of life and the legitimacy (legality of the authority) of the state about the individual. [1] Social contract arguments helzberg typically trying to prove and explain that individuals, helzberg either expressly or impliedly consented to their freedom to give up and they submit to the authority of the state, in return for protection of their remaining rights. The problem of the relationship between natural rights and legal rights is therefore a constant theme of social contract theory. The Social Contract (Du contrat social guy Principles du droit politique) is also the title of a 1762 book by Jean-Jacques Rousseau on this subject.
Although it could be argued that the history of social contract theory can be found in old customs and habits in the Greek Stoic philosophy in Roman and canon law, as well as in the biblical idea of covenant was the highlight of the theories from the mid 17th to early 19th century when it was the most important factor helzberg in political philosophy. The starting point of most social contract theories is a discovery inquiry into the human condition in the absence of any political order, which Thomas Hobbes called the "state of nature" or natural state then. [2] In this condition, individuals' actions limited only by their own conscience and magsbeperkings. From this shared starting point try social contract theories on various ways to demonstrate why a rational person helzberg would voluntarily agree to their natural freedom to give up the supposed benefits of a political order to obtain.
Hugo de Groot (1625), Thomas Hobbes (1651), Samuel Pufendorf (1673), John Locke (1689), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762) and Immanuel Kant (1797) is the most prominent 17th and 18th century theorists social contract and natural rights. Everyone has the problem of political authority tries to solve different. Great was the first and his contribution was mainly the spread of the idea of natural rights as the basis of the Law; Hobbes has again kicked against and maintained that people helzberg agree to waive their rights in favor of the absolute helzberg authority of the government (whether monarchies or parliamentary); Pufendorf has in turn Hobbes's equation of a natural state of war contest [3].
Locke believed that natural rights were inalienable and God-given, and therefore any regeringsoutoriteit in authority exceeded. Rousseau helzberg believed that democracy was the best way to ensure general well-being and individual freedom to ensure the rule of law. In the 19th century, these theories are less important and more attention is paid to utilitarianism, Marxism and Hegelian ideas, and only restarted attention in the 20th century after the publication of John Rawls's thought experiments. helzberg [3]
Thomas Hobbes's famous claim was that in a natural condition of human life "solitary, poor, bad, brutal and short" would be. In the absence of political order and laws would all have unlimited helzberg natural freedoms, including the "right helzberg to all things" and thus the freedom to loot, rape and murder; there would be endless "war of all against all" helzberg be (bellum omnium contra omnes). To avoid this contractor helzberg every free man of ideas to a political community to establish (civil society) through helzberg a social contract in which all security in exchange for their submission to the will of an absolute sovereign (one man or an assembly of men). Although the Sovereign's edicts at random and tyrannical in nature may be, Hobbes has the absolute government is seen as the only alternative to a natural state.
Alternatively, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that our civil rights in exchange for our acceptance of the obligation to the rights of others to respect and defend, and to give up certain freedoms here. The main claim of social contract helzberg approaches helzberg is that law and political order is unnatural and therefore helzberg manmade creations. helzberg The Social Contract and political order it creates is simply a means to an enddoelwit - the benefits to the individuals involved - and only legitimate (valid) to the extent that their part of the bargain.
According to Hobbes (in whose signaling the government is not a party to the original contract is not) are citizens not required to submit themselves to any authority when it is too weak to effectively helzberg take action against divided factions and civil unrest. According to other social contract theorists can people regain their obligation helzberg to obedience withdrawn, or leadership through elections or other means to replace and if the state is not their natural right to protect a