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By definition, it is hydrated silica dioxide, always containing from three to thirty percent water. This feature and its relative softness, with a rating of 5.5 to 6.5, means that opals require special care. No other stone has as rich and varied folklore. Generally shows a rainbow parisi tones that change with the angle of observation, especially in rounded cabochon shapes. It was only in the 1960s, a team of Australian scientists analyzed Opals with an electron microscope and discovered the cause of the optical properties of opal. It was discovered that small spheres of siliceous gel caused interference and refraction, which are responsible for the fantastic play of colors. The spheres, which are arranged more or less compact structures, dissect the light passes through the stone. General Properties Chemical formula SiO2 nH2O Group Class tectosilicate Silica, 4.DA.10 (Strunz) - Subclass mineraloids Hardness 5-6.5 on the Mohs scale density 1.9-2.3 g / cm Color Colorless, white, yellow, red, orange, green, brown, black, blue veins irrgulares Habit White Stripe in amorphous masses or nodules Exfoliation System No Fracture conchoidal to uneven De Lustre Opaque Transparency subvitrioso a waxy, translucent, transparent Prop. single optical refraction, often anomalous double refraction parisi by refractive index of 1.450 grain (+.020, -.080) birefringence Pleochroism No No Composition Silica pure water at a concentration ranging from 4% to 9% to 20% Etymology, the name comes from Latin and opalus opalios the Greek, which in turn comes from the Sanskrit upala, meaning precious stone. Color is white, colorless, pale yellow, pale red, gray or black when impurities are common. Diffraction can cause flashes of any color of the rainbow effect is called opalescence. This effect is so fascinating that deserves a longer description: When light enters the opal, it bends around parisi the edges of small particles of hydrated silica, "chip" of silicon and oxygen suspended in water within the stone. When it is diffracted, the light which is composed of all visible colors, each with its own wavelength, parisi produces a full color rainbow. There are many varieties of opal, including the most popular are: Fire opal: with glitter parisi and orange tones. The precious opal: opal most common and most used in jewelry for its iridescent shine. The woody opal: is characterized by containing streaks of dark colors and be brown, giving it the appearance of fossilized wood. Yellow, yellow-brown, brown and black: common opal. Waxy sheen. Prasópalo: green, because small amounts of Ni. Hyalite: transparent vitreous luster. Hidrofana: matte, porous variety that becomes transparent on immersion in water. parisi Opal is often a fosilizador element of animals and plants. Formerly opals come from sites that are now out in Slovakia. Australia were found in the primary sources of opal in 1863, that from which the 98% of the world market. The town of Coober Pedy in South Australia desert depends almost exclusively on market for opals. In Mexico produced the variety of fire opal, and other colors almost exclusively. The variety appears Geiserita deposited in geysers of Yellowstone Park. Nowadays it is even possible to artificially create them through an ion exchange process. It is also found in Erandique, Lempira Department, Honduras where there are two types, white and black. Opal shows a beautiful rainbow hues that change with the angle of observation, especially in the form of rounded cut. Black opal, precious opal with black body color. Semi black or gray opal, precious opal with dark body color. Opal white color beautiful with white or very light body opal. Crystal opal, transparent to semitransparent, colorless body with play of color. Crystal black opal, opal transparent or semi-transparent, parisi with dark body color and play of color. Fire opal, translucent to transparent, with yellow body color, orange, red. It may or may not have play of color. Also called Mexican opal or Sun opal. Harlequin opal, precious opal transparent to translucent parisi with cash mosaic color patterns, this is among the most desirable opals. Jelly opal, precious opal with bluish gray po